Sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim 800160 Mg Tablet

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ⁸⁰⁰⁄₁₆₀ mg tablet is a combination antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. This medication is composed of two active ingredients: sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Sulfamethoxazole belongs to the class of sulfonamide antibiotics, while trimethoprim is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. The combination of these two drugs provides a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, making it effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ⁸⁰⁰⁄₁₆₀ mg tablet is a double-strength formulation, containing 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim. This specific dosage is commonly prescribed for adults and children over 12 years old, with the dosage adjusted according to the severity of the infection and the patient’s weight.

Indications and Uses:

This medication is used to treat various bacterial infections, including:

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is effective in treating UTIs caused by susceptible bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis.
2. Respiratory Tract Infections: This medication can be used to treat respiratory tract infections, including bronchitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis, caused by susceptible bacteria.
3. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can be used to treat skin and soft tissue infections, such as impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis, caused by susceptible bacteria.
4. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections: This medication has been used to treat MRSA infections, although its effectiveness may vary depending on the specific strain and severity of the infection.

Mechanism of Action:

Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim work together to inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria. Sulfamethoxazole competes with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for incorporation into folic acid, a necessary component for bacterial growth. Trimethoprim, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is essential for the conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate. The combination of these two mechanisms provides a synergistic effect, making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance.

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions:

As with any antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ⁸⁰⁰⁄₁₆₀ mg tablet can cause side effects and adverse reactions, including:

1. Gastrointestinal Disturbances: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are common side effects.
2. Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, and hives can occur, although severe allergic reactions are rare.
3. Kidney and Liver Function: This medication can affect kidney and liver function, particularly in patients with pre-existing conditions.
4. Hematologic Effects: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can cause changes in blood cell counts, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia.

Interactions and Contraindications:

This medication can interact with other drugs, including:

1. Warfarin: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
2. Phenytoin: This medication can increase phenytoin levels, leading to toxicity.
3. Methotrexate: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase methotrexate levels, leading to toxicity.

Contraindications include:

1. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: This medication is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to the potential risk of kernicterus in newborns.
2. Sulfonamide Allergy: Patients with a known allergy to sulfonamides should avoid sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
3. Severe Liver or Kidney Disease: This medication should be used with caution in patients with severe liver or kidney disease.

Dosage and Administration:

The sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ⁸⁰⁰⁄₁₆₀ mg tablet is typically taken orally, with or without food. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the specific infection being treated. The usual adult dosage is one tablet every 12 hours for 10 to 14 days. Pediatric patients may require a lower dosage, adjusted according to their weight.

Conclusion:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim ⁸⁰⁰⁄₁₆₀ mg tablet is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. While it is generally well-tolerated, it can cause side effects and interact with other medications. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines to ensure effective treatment and minimize the risk of adverse reactions.